Abstract
In the cationic oligomerization of styrene by a solid superacid (Perfluorinated Resinsulfonic Acid: Nafion-H) and by the corresponding soluble superacid (CF3SO3H), the reactivity of the catalysts and molecular-weight distribution of the products were compared. Oligomers composed of dimer to hexamer were produced with Nafion-H, whereas a linear dimer was mainly obtained with CF3SO3H in nonpolar solvents at 50—70°C. As a superacid solid catalyst, Nafion-H had the following characteristics: (1) retention of the catalytic activity on repeated reaction and the absence of a limiting yield; (2) higher activity than that of a conventional poly(styrenesulfonic acid) resin; (3) virtual absence of solvent effects on the reaction rate and the product composition; and (4) formation of Friedel–Crafts adducts between styrene and an aromatic solvent.
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