Abstract
Abstract Zeolites with various pore structures and sizes such as microporous ZSM-5, desilicated ZSM-5, Beta zeolite and ZSM-48 were investigated as catalysts in the oligomerization of propylene and 1-hexene to fuel-range hydrocarbons. Mesoporous ZSM-5 was prepared via a post-synthesis alkaline treatment. Physicochemical properties of the zeolite catalysts were characterized by XRD, XRF, SEM, TEM, MAS NMR, BET, and NH3-TPD techniques to analyze the crystallinity, element composition, morphology, textural properties as well as acidity distribution. The catalyst characterization confirmed that NaOH post-treatment by mild desilication is an effective method to tune the pore structure of medium pore ZSM-5 zeolite by introducing mesoporosity without damaging the microporous structure. Enhanced activity and selectivity to jet fuel/diesel range (C12) products of ˜90% and 55% respectively was achieved over a modified ZSM-5 catalyst at optimum reaction conditions of 220 °C and weight hourly space velocity (WHSV) of 4 h−1 in the oligomerization of 1-hexene. Good selectivity to gasoline-range hydrocarbons with high octane number was achieved over modified ZSM-5 in the oligomerization of propylene. The spent catalysts were characterized by thermogravimetric and NH3-TPD analyses which confirmed that carbonaceous deposits were prevalent inside the micropores of the catalysts but its effects were less severe on the modified ZSM-5.
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