Oligomeric Cadmium–Phthalocyanine Complexes: Novel Supramolecular Free Radical Structures

Abstract

Certain cadmium-metallated phthalocyanines give rise to EPR active triple-decker sandwich complexes containing two Cd ions and three phthalocyanine (Pc) ligands. These have been shown to form when the ligands bear either eight non- peripheral alkyl or alkenyl substituents or eight peripheral 2-ethylhexyl groups. They can be derived either from three equivalents of a cadmium phthalocyanine precursor or from a 2:1 mixture of a cadmium phthalocyanine (CdPc) and a metal-free phthalocyanine (H(2)Pc). The mode of their formation has been investigated by a series of "cross" experiments. The results indicate that the triple-decker structures are formed by a self-assembly process. This is deduced from results that show that they can disassemble and reassemble with incorporation of differently substituted ligands derived from either an H(2)Pc or CdPc. The reassembled structures in these cross experiments can contain more than one ligand that originated from either the added CdPc or, and more surprisingly, the H(2)Pc compound. Mass spectrometry has also established that higher order oligomers can be formed when steric requirements between the alkyl substituents on adjacent rings in the stack are reduced. Thus an isotopic cluster for a Cd(5)Pc(6) complex has been observed when the eight peripheral substituents are hexyl chains and tetrameric complexes are formed when two different ligands are incorporated within a stack, with one carrying substituents at the peripheral sites and the other bearing substituents at the non-peripheral sites.