Abstract

More than 1 billion children in 182 countries throughout the world have been vaccinated with the Bacillus of Calmette and Guerin (BCG) against tuberculosis. BCG appears to be able to elicit protective cell-mediated immune responses in the absence of progressive disease. In addition, experimental uses of BCG and related mycobacteria have greatly contributed to the progress of modern immunology. Trials of cancer immunotherapy with BCG were carried out on a worldwide scale in the 1970s and contributed much information to the fields of basic and clinical immunology (Bast 1974). Evidence foreshadowing our finding of senseless immunostimulatory DNA was also obtained by the experimental use of BCG.

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