Abstract
The oligoasthenoteratozoospermia (OAT) and necrozoospermia are the extreme sperm abnormalities in male infertility. These sperm abnormalities may be related to the imbalance of ion transport which mediated by the ion-transporting P-type ATPases, such as Na+, K+-ATPase and Ca2+-ATPase. Until now, there is limited data about the activity of Na+, K+-ATPase and Ca2+-ATPase in sperms in the OAT and necrozoospermia samples. Therefore, this study investigated the activity of Na+, K+-ATPase and Ca2+-ATPase and the expression of Na+, K+-ATPase α4 and PMCA4 isoforms in both sperm abnormalities. Eighteen semen samples from OAT and necrozoospermia infertile couples were examined in this study. Semen analysis was performed based on WHO 2010, while the enzyme activity was calculated by the released inorganic phosphate. The expression of Na+, K+-ATPase α4 and PMCA4 isoform was defined by Western immunoblotting, whereas the localization of the proteins was analyzed by immunocytochemistry. This study showed that the activity of Na+, K+-ATPase and the expression of Na+, K+-ATPase α4 isoforms in OAT and necrozoospermia group were lower than the normozoospermia group (1.452±0.549 versus 0.559±0.160 versus 1.962±0.56 µmol Pi/mg protein/h, respectively; p>0.05). In addition, the activity of Ca2+-ATPase and the expression of PMCA4 of OAT and necrozoospermia group were also lower compared to the normozoospermia group (2.028±0.524 versus 0.928±0.248 versus 2.657±1.329 µmol Pi/mg protein/h, respectively; p>0.05). For both ATPases, the necrozoospermia group showed lower values compared to the OAT group. The disruption in ATPase and isoform expression in OAT and necrozoospermia may be responsible for sperm structure and functional damage.
Highlights
Male factors are responsible for more than forty percent of the infertility cases (Gurfinkel et al, 2003)
Both the OAT and necrozoospermia group showed lower values of all semen parameters i.e., sperm concentration, motility, morphology, viability and membrane integrity compared to the normozoospermia group, whereas the necrozoospermia group showed lower values than OAT group (Table 1)
This study showed a similar trend as the activity of Na+, K+-ATPase that the activity of Ca2+-ATPase was lower in OAT and necrozoospermia, compared with the normozoospermia group
Summary
Male factors are responsible for more than forty percent of the infertility cases (Gurfinkel et al, 2003). Male factors is determined by the existance of semen analysis disturbances such as oligozoospermia (low sperm concentration), asthenozoospermia (low sperm motility) and teratozoospermia (low normal sperm morphology). There are more severe sperm abnormalities such as oligoasthenoteratozoospermia (OAT) and necrozoospermia. OAT as disturbances of sperm concentration, motility and morphology, is a common cause of male factors infertility, but mostly due to idiopathic issue (Zhu et al, 2016). Nduwayo reported that necrozoospermia occurs only about 0.2 to 0.5% of the overall male infertility factor (Nduwayo et al, 1995; Tournaye et al, 1996). OAT and necrozoospermia are related to a large variety of etiologies and may involve the disorder of an array of structure, biochemical and functional defects of sperm (Aitken et al, 1982)
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