Abstract
Olfactory contacts between reindeer mothers and their calves are most frequent in nursing situations. Mothers and calves are able to identify each other by naso-nasal contacts, which usually precede nursing. During nursing, the mother frequently checks the identity of the calf by sniffing its tail. Olfactory contact before sucking attempts lead to a high frequency of successful nursing. Naso-nasal contacts and sniffing of the calf's tail prevails in contacts with other individuals. Olfactory contacts between reindeer mothers and strange calves are frequently followed by agonistic acts from the cow. The rejected calf often made olfactory contact with its own mother.
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