Olfactory Disorder Pattern in Patients With Neurological Diseases Excluding Psychiatric and Traumatic Aetiologies

Abstract

IntroductionThe most common cause of olfactory ENT disorders are colds and flu, chronic sinusitis, allergies and traumatic brain injury. Rarer aetiologies include certain neurological, psychiatric and metabolic injuries. TargetThe aim of this paper was to check the sort of olfactory disorders found in people who have suffered a brain injury, excluding: cranial traumas, psychiatric diseases, epilepsy, Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease, and synaesthesia. Material and MethodsA descriptive study based on 61 patients with diagnoses of various neurological injuries, which were tested by BAST-24 olfactometer. The results were compared with those of a control group (n=120). ResultsThe results show major impairment in these patients’ olfactory sense. The neurological injury patients were able to detect from 60% to 77% of the odours, while the control group were able to detect between 98% and 100%. The neurological patients were able, at best, to identify, 11%–32% of the odours correctly, while the control group were able to correctly detect between 59% and 75%. The differences between odour detection and correct identification were statistically significant (P<.05). ConclusionsWe concluded: (a) Neurological injury, not caused by traumatic brain injury, psychiatric disorders or ENT diseases, ranged from 68% to 89% of the olfactory failures. (b) We must bear in mind that these sorts of injuries can cause olfactory disorders. (c) ENT and Neurologists should collaborate in the treatment of these disorders.