Olfactory bulb and olfactory sulcus depths are associated with disease duration and attack frequency in multiple sclerosis patients

Abstract

Background and purpose: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative disease that progresses to axonal loss and demyelinization. Olfactory dysfunction in patients with MS has been reported frequently. We were interested in the associations of olfactory bulb (OB) and olfactory sulcus depth (OSD) with disease duration and attack frequency.Methods: We included 25 patients with MS and 30 age- and sex-matched controls in this study. The Expanded Disability Status Scale, Beck Depression Inventory, and Mini Mental State Examination were applied. OB, OSD, and magnetic resonance imaging plaque numbers were calculated.Results: OB volume and OSD in patients with MS were significantly lower than those in the control group (right and left OB: p<0.001; right OSD: p=0.001; and left OSD: p=0.039). Disease duration was negatively correlated with right and left OB volume (right OB: r=−0.434, p=0.030 and left OB: r=−0.518, p=0.008). Attack frequency was negatively correlated with left OB volume and left OSD (left OB: r=−0.428, p=0.033 and left OSD: r=−0.431, p=0.032).Conclusions: The OB and OSD were atrophied significantly in patients with MS, and this was correlated with disease duration and attack frequency. The left side tended to be dominant.