Abstract
AbstractA survey of olefination reactions that have been used in the synthesis of cyclophanes is presented. This covers the Ramberg–Bäcklund reaction, the Wittig and related reactions, the McMurry and related reactions, ring‐closing metathesis (alkenes, alkynes and ene‐ynes), aldol condensations and Siegrist reactions, as well as miscellaneous reactions. The McMurry reaction and ring‐closing metathesis have enjoyed the greatest popularity in recent years, but they are typically used for complementary purposes. In virtually all cases, the McMurry reaction is used to install a two‐carbon (1,2‐ethenylene) bridge, whereas ring‐closing metathesis is used to construct bridges that are at least four‐membered, but usually considerably longer. Some well‐known olefinations have seen little or no use in the field of cyclophane chemistry.
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