Abstract
In addition to providing energy and constituting cell membrane, fatty acids also play an important role in adipocyte differentiation and lipid metabolism. As an important member of monounsaturated fatty acids, oleate, together with other components, is widely used to induce chicken preadipocyte differentiation. However, it is not clear whether oleate alone can induce chicken preadipocyte differentiation. In the present study, four different treatments were designed to test this question: basal medium, IDX [insulin, dexamethasone and IBMX (isobutylmethylxanthine)], oleate and IDX plus oleate. Cytoplasmic lipid droplet accumulation and mRNA expression for adipogenesis-related genes were monitored. After treatment of oleate on chicken preadipocytes, apparent lipid droplet formation and lipid accumulation were observed, accompanied by increasing expression of PPARγ (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ) and AFABP (adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein), but decreasing level of GATA2 (GATA-binding protein 2). In contrast, for cells cultured in the basal medium with or without IDX supplementation, lipid droplet barely occurred. These results suggest that exogenous oleate alone can act as an inducer of preadipocyte differentiation into adipocytes.
Highlights
Adipocyte differentiation has been extensively studied in mammalian preadipocyte cell lines, such as 3T3-L1 and 3T3-F442A cells [1,2]
These results suggest that oleate is potent in inducing the differentiation of chicken preadipocytes
Previous studies have indicated that fatty acids, such as arachidonic acid [23], docosahexenoic acid [24] and eicosapentaenoic acid [25,26], can act as either promoters or inhibitors of mammalian adipocyte differentiation of preadipocyte cell lines
Summary
Adipocyte differentiation has been extensively studied in mammalian preadipocyte cell lines, such as 3T3-L1 and 3T3-F442A cells [1,2]. These studies have revealed a complicated regulatory network of transcription factors underlies adipocyte differentiation. A better understanding of the physiological characteristics and molecular events for chicken adipocyte differentiation will broaden our knowledge of adipocyte development across species, and provide clues for reducing excessive fat deposition in chickens, which is one of the major complications in the modern broiler industry [8,9]. A widely employed adipogenesis-inducing agent in mammals is a mixture of hormones that consists of IDX [insulin, dexamethasone and IBMX (isobutylmethylxanthine)], which can induce preadipocyte differentiation by enhancing master regulators of adipocyte differentiation, and subsequent cytoplasmic lipid accumulation [6].
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