Old Age is an Independent Risk Factor for Pneumonia Development in Patients with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variant Infection and a History of Inactivated Vaccine Injection.

Abstract

ObjectiveAnalyzing the risk factors for pneumonia development in breakthrough cases with a history of inactivated vaccine injection is important. The present study aimed to investigate the risk factors for pneumonia development during Omicron variant infection.Design and MethodsThe clinical data were retrospectively collected from 187 patients who previously received inactivated vaccine and were infected by the Omicron variant.ResultsAmong the 187 patients, 73 had 2 doses of inactivated vaccine injection and the remaining 114 had 3 doses; 19 patients had pneumonia at admission. The univariate logistic analysis showed that age, baseline platelet count, D-dimer level, and CD8+ T lymphocyte count were associated with pneumonia development at admission. The multivariate analysis showed that only age was the independent risk factor for pneumonia development (odds ratio = 1.046, 95% confidence interval: 1.003–1.091, P = 0.04). With an optimal cutoff value of 46, 4.4% (4/91) patients in the age <46 years group and 15.63% (15/96) patients in the age ≥46 years group had pneumonia (χ2 = 6.454, P = 0.01). Moreover, age negatively correlated with CD8+ T cell count, B cell count, and albumin and uric acid levels (all P < 0.01), while age positively correlated with the glucose level (P < 0.01).ConclusionOld age was the only independent risk factor for pneumonia development in patients with Omicron variant infection and a history of inactivated vaccine injection.