Abstract
The present study demonstrates the sorptive efficiency of okra leaves for the Cr(III) and Cr(VI) in aqueous system. The batch dynamic sorption method was carried out as the function of the pH of the solution, sorbent doze, initial bulk concentration, shaking speed and contact time. The experimental data were examined by Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. Cr(III) at pH-4.0 and Cr(VI) pH-2.0 showed a maximum sorption capacities 221.17 mg/g and 81.94 mg/g respectively. Kinetically experimental data of both chromium species were well fitted to pseudo second order rate, Elovich, Morris-Weber and Richenberg equations. Positive values of enthalpy change and negative values of Gibbs free energy indicated the endothermic and spontaneous nature of sorption reaction respectively. The developed method was applied to real ground water samples (affected by industrial wastewater). Up to 92.15% of chromium metal was removed from the real water samples.
Highlights
Increasing industrial development causes environmental problems, especially in developing countries
Chromium belongs to group A, carcinogen declared by USEPA and 16th toxic metal in the list of 20 toxic metals [8]-[10]
Chromium exists in nine oxidation states (−2, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5, +6) [12]
Summary
Increasing industrial development causes environmental problems, especially in developing countries. Water pollution by heavy metals through industrial effluents or any other source is one of the hottest issues of the world. Contamination sources are the effluents from batteries, refractory, wielding, atomic power. (2016) Okra Leaves—Agricultural Waste for the Removal of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) from Contaminated Water. It is estimated that per liter of industrial effluent contains 0.5 -. 270,000 mg of chromium [5]. Chromium is a heavy metal and has density 7.19 g/cm3 [7]. But ionic chromium (+III and +VI) has enormous toxicity [11]. Chromium exists in nine oxidation states (−2, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5, +6) [12]. In aqueous medium two stable oxidation states—trivalent chromium (i.e., Cr3+, Cr(OH)2+ or
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