Abstract
Summary: Okra is a commercial vegetable crop with considerable area under cultivation in Africa and Asia. Okra belongs to the family Malvaceae. It probably originated in Ethiopia and is widely spread all over tropical, subtropical and warm temperate regions of the world. Okra plays an important role in the human diet by supplying fats, proteins, carbohydrates, minerals and vitamins. Moreover, its mucilage is suitable for certain medical and industrial applications. Therefore, young fruits of okra have reawakened beneficial interest in bringing this crop into commercial production. The optimum yield of okra is approximately 6.6 t ha -1 . Okra requires warm temperatures. The optimum temperatures are in the range of 20-30°C, with minimum temperatures of 18°C and maximum of 35°C. Okra needs rather high quantity of water despite having considerable drought resistance. The plant forms a deeply penetrating tap root with dense shallow feeder roots reaching out in all directions in the upper 45 cm of soil. Soil clamminess is essential during the continuation of growing period.
Highlights
Latin binomial names for okra are Abelmoschus esculentus and Hibiscus esculentus (Kumar et al 2010), and it is commonly known as bhindi in India, krajiab kheaw in Thailand, okra plant, ochro, okoro, quimgombo, quingumbo, gombo, kopi arab, kacang bendi and bhindi in South East Asia
Abelmoschus species occur in the world including as A. moschatus, A. manihot, A. esculentus, A. tuberculatus, A. ficulneus, A. crinitus and A. angulosus (Charrier 1984)
Misuse and over-use of pesticides were not a major issue for the export okra cultivation in Thailand, but export data clearly indicate a major dip in export during 2000, when several consignments of the fresh okra from Thailand were rejected from the Japanese market because of high levels of pesticide residues (Moekchantuk & Kumar 2004)
Summary
Latin binomial names for okra are Abelmoschus esculentus and Hibiscus esculentus (Kumar et al 2010), and it is commonly known as bhindi in India, krajiab kheaw in Thailand, okra plant, ochro, okoro, quimgombo, quingumbo, gombo, kopi arab, kacang bendi and bhindi in South East Asia. In Middle East it is known as bamia, bamya or bamieh and gumbo in Southern USA, and lady’s finger in England (Ndunguru & Rajabu 2004). In Portuguese and Angola, okra is known as quiabo, and as quimbombo in Cuba, gombo commun, gombo, gumbo in France, mbamia and mbinda in Sweden, and in Japan as okura (Chauhan 1972, Lamont 1999). It is found in Taiwan, where it is called qiu kui (Siemonsma & Kouame 2000)
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