Abstract
Despite the beneficial effects of omega-3 fatty acids from fish or fish oil on cardiovascular diseases, limited information is available regarding the effects of oily fish in the diet on the risk of dyslipidemia. This study aimed to investigate the association between oily fish consumption and the incidence of dyslipidemia among Korean adults included in the Health Examinees Gem (HEXA-G) cohort during 5 years of follow-up. In total, 20,670 participants (5710 men and 14,960 women) were included in this study. The average intake of oily fish including dark meat fish, such as mackerel, pacific saury, and Spanish mackerel, and eel, was estimated using food frequency questionnaires. Oily fish consumption was associated with a significantly lower risk of hypertriglyceridemia in both men (Relative risk (RR) comparing extreme quintiles = 0.75; 95% CI 0.60–0.95; P for trend = 0.0121) and women (RR comparing extreme quintiles = 0.81; 95% CI 0.69–0.96; P for trend = 0.0110) after adjusting for potential confounders. In conclusion, increased consumption of oily fish was significantly associated with a lower risk of hypertriglyceridemia in the general Korean population. Future randomized clinical trials or prospective studies are required to confirm these findings in the Korean or other Asian populations.
Highlights
Dyslipidemia is a metabolic anomaly distinguished by an increase or reduction in the plasma lipid fraction [1]
The purpose of the present study was to examine the association between oily fish consumption and the incidence of dyslipidemia among Korean adults included in the Health Examinees Gem (HEXA-G) Study cohort during 5 years of follow-up
There was no significant association between oily fish consumption and other components of dyslipidemia
Summary
Dyslipidemia is a metabolic anomaly distinguished by an increase or reduction in the plasma lipid fraction [1]. High levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), and low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) are the primary risk factors of atherosclerosis, leading to cardiovascular disease (CVD) and coronary heart disease (CHD) [2]. The prevalence of dyslipidemia has continuously increased in Korea and worldwide. Among the blood lipid components, LDL-C is the most important risk factor in the pathophysiology of CVD, and reducing LDL-C levels leads to dose-dependent reduction in the risk of major cardiovascular events that is proportional to the absolute magnitude of the reduction in LDL-C [5]. A meta-analysis of controlled trials reported that a 1 mmol/L reduction in TG was associated with
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