Abstract
Trihexyltetradecylphosphonium bis(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate (phosphonium phosphate) ionic liquid is soluble in non-polar lubricants. It has been proposed as an effective anti-wear additive comparable to zinc dialkyldithiophosphate. Previously, phosphonium phosphate has shown a better anti-wear performance under some conditions such as high temperature. In this work, the tribological performance and the lubrication mechanism of phosphonium phosphate are compared with that of zinc dialkyldithiophosphate when lubricating silicon under various tribological conditions. This can lead to an understanding of the reasons behind the superior anti-wear performance of phosphonium phosphate under some conditions. A micro-scale study is conducted using a nanotribometer. The results show that both additives lead to a considerable reduction in both friction and wear coefficients. The reduction in the wear coefficient is mainly controlled by the formation of the tribofilm on the rubbing surfaces. Zinc dialkyldithiophosphate can create a thicker tribofilm, which results in a better anti-wear performance. However, the formation of a thicker film will lead to a faster depletion and thus phosphonium phosphate can provide better anti-wear performance when the depletion of zinc dialkyldithiophosphate starts.
Highlights
A large number of recent studies in tribology have focused on the mitigation of wear and friction
Adding PP or zinc dialkyldithiophosphate (ZDDP) leads to a decrease in the friction coefficient
The overall results suggest that the friction coefficient of PP and ZDDP additives is mainly controlled by the formation of a protective tribofilm on the rubbing surfaces
Summary
A large number of recent studies in tribology have focused on the mitigation of wear and friction. This mitigation will lead to an elongated lifetime of the mechanical systems and enhance the overall efficiency. The increase in the components’ lifetime can decrease maintenance cost, the consumption of material and the energy required to manufacture replacements. Reduction in friction increases system efficiency due to the reduction of the energy consumption associated with running the component. In passenger automobiles and heavy-duty machines, the reduction in the friction coefficient can reduce fuel consumption by about 18% and 14%, respectively. The reduction in fuel consumption decreases the emission of CO2, which makes the mechanical system more environmentally friendly.[1,2]
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