Abstract
To enhance the lubricating and extreme pressure (EP) performance of base oils, two types of oil-soluble ionic liquids (ILs) with similar anion albeit dissimilar cations were synthesized. The physical properties of the prepared ILs were measured. The anticorrosion properties of ILs were assessed by conducting corrosion tests on steel discs and copper strips, which revealed the remarkable anticorrosion properties of the ILs in comparison with those of the commercial additive zinc dialkyldithiophosphate (ZDDP). The tribological properties of the two ILs as additives for poly-α-olefin-10 (PAO10) with various mass concentrations were investigated. The tribological test results indicate that these ILs as additives are capable of reducing friction and wear of sliding contacts remarkably as well as enhance the EP performance of blank PAO10. Under similar test conditions, these IL additives exhibit higher lubricating and anti-wear (AW) performances than those of ZDDP based additive package in PAO10. Subsequently, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) were conducted to study the lubricating mechanism of the two ILs. The results indicate that the formation of tribochemical film plays the most crucial role in enhancing the lubricating and AW behavior of the mixture lubricants.
Highlights
IntroductionFriction and wear expend a large proportion of energy as well as damage instrument and apparatus [1, 2]
In practical operational conditions, friction and wear expend a large proportion of energy as well as damage instrument and apparatus [1, 2]
The wear volume of the wear scar lubricated by PAO10 is approximately 23×105 μm3, and it is remarkably decreased to approximately 1.7×105 μm3 when employing the mixtures as lubricants
Summary
Friction and wear expend a large proportion of energy as well as damage instrument and apparatus [1, 2]. A large number of additives, such as anti-wear (AW), extreme pressure (EP), dispersant, viscosity modifier, antioxidant, and anticorrosion have been synthesized to enhance the comprehensive performances of base oils and further lengthen the service life of operating components [3−5]. ILs have attracted considerable attention owing to their remarkable properties such as negligible volatility, high thermostability, low-melting-point, and regulated oil-solubility [7−10] These remarkable characteristics make ILs employable as high-performance. Based on the abovementioned concept, two types of quaternary ammonium and quaternary phosphonate ILs with similar anions are synthesized Their tribological behavior as additives in PAO10 for steel/steel contacts is investigated at room temperature (RT). They exhibit more effective extreme pressure and lubricating properties than the traditional lubricant additive ZDDP (type: T204).
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