Abstract
The massive reserves of oil shale in China offer the potential to lessen energy dependence on conventional sources. A novel oil shale in situ upgrading process over mineral-based clin/SBA-15 catalysts has been proposed, and catalytic pyrolysis behavior was intensively studied. Clinoplilolite was chosen for clin/SBA-15 preparation. The apparent activation energy Ea of hexadecane cracking on clin/SBA-15(3.0) is 90.37 kJ/mol that is 35 kJ/mol less than that of thermal cracking. DSC curves of n-C16 conversion under 3 MPa N2 reveals that the cracking peak temperature was declined to 365 °C and 372 °C from 417 °C (thermally) on clin/SBA-15 and kaolin/SBA-15, respectively. The extracted kerogen was converted at 280 °C with a biphasic solvent (water and decalin) to mimic the hydrocarbon generation process, and the products were mainly concentrated in C9, C10 and C11. Oil shale conversion was carried out at 280 °C under subcritical water. Non-catalytic converted products mainly contains hydrocarbons (34.01 %), long-chain fatty acids (esters), alcohol, and ketones. Catalytically produced oil have a strongly aliphatic nature, and the hydrocarbon yield is up to 70.50 % for clin/SBA-15. The clin/SBA-15 played a remarkable role on H/C ratio rising (1.98–2.08) and O/C ratio declining (0.10 to 0.04) because of the catalytic decarboxylation. Clin/SBA-15 showed no activity decay on seven-day oil shale aqueous conversion test.
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