Abstract

Veins of bitumen occur in the Jurassic-Cretaceous of northern Cuba in the vicinity of oil fields dominated by extra-heavy crude. Some bitumen veins are associated with hydrothermal mineralization. Calcite vein rock at Soroa contains evidence for three phases of hydrocarbon migration: fresh oil fluid inclusions, followed by thermally altered oil (coeval aqueous fluid inclusions at up to 221 °C), then less altered oil. In addition to demonstrating a mechanism for producing altered oil other than by biodegradation, these observations support a model of multi-episodic hydrocarbon migration, which may be related to thrusting of the source beds.

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