Abstract
The effects of ultrasound on the molecular weight distribution and emulsifying properties of both xanthan gum (XG) and propylene glycol alginate (PGA) were investigated. The results showed that ultrasonic treatment at different intensities decreased the apparent viscosity and narrowed the molecular weight distribution. Higher intensity increased the effectivity of the sonochemical effect. Ultrasound degradation did not change the primary structure of the PGA-XG complex, and SEM analysis showed that the morphology of the original polysaccharide differed from that of the degraded polysaccharide fractions. The ultrasonic intensities and treatment times had a substantial influence on the stability of the polysaccharide-stabilized oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions. The O/W emulsion stabilized by the polysaccharide treated with 270 W ultrasound waves for 7 min led to the smallest average particle size (detected via fluorescence microscopy) and showed stability against aggregation in O/W emulsions.
Highlights
Ultrasonic waves have been applied to a variety of physical and chemical processes such as emulsification [1], dispersion, homogenization, and various chemical reactions [2]
The rheological properties of the aqueous phase are influenced by xanthan gum (XG), which is used as a thickening agent and plays an essential role in emulsion stability, contributing to the formation of a gel-like network [6]
According to Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis, the morphology of the original complexes differed from the degraded polysaccharide fractions and exhibited variations in the maintenance of the stability of the O/W emulsions
Summary
Ultrasonic waves have been applied to a variety of physical and chemical processes such as emulsification [1], dispersion, homogenization, and various chemical reactions [2]. Research has mainly focused on the novel effects of ultrasound on both the properties and functionality of products, such as the emulsification and rheological properties of food hydrocolloids [3,4]. Ultrasonic treatment is an effective and energy-saving method for preparing and processing polymer particles [5]. Since XG is a hydrophilic polymer, it preferentially enters hydrogen bonding with water. Its surface-active properties as well as its rheological properties can be modified when it is used in combination with propylene glycol alginate (PGA) [5]
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