Abstract
The study seeks to evaluate the environmental problems associated with oil exploration and exploitation in the Niger Delta area of Nigeria on one part with a focus on empirical examination of one of the variables highlighted in the literature - emission of CO2 on people's health. With data 1980-2015 drawn from CBN bulletin, we employed OLS and 3SLS regression model to analyze. Life expectancy at birth is the dependent variable, while carbon emission, gross domestic product per capital, female education, and public health expenditure are explanatory variables. Findings show that Carbon emission (CO2EM) has a negative coefficient which is in line with the theoretical expectation. It is observable that an increase in carbon emission by one unit will reduce life expectancy by 0.04 per cent. This result supports the unsustainability of the business and gas emissions and oil spill in the Delta region as harmful to the wellbeing of the masses.Keywords: Carbon emission, Oil exploration, environmental degradation, resource curse, JEL Classifications: O13, Q33, Q34DOI: https://doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.7812
Highlights
With population of over 170 million people, Nigeria no doubt is Africa’s most populous black nation (Aminu, 1997)
This study seeks to evaluate the environmental problems associated with oil exploration and exploitation in Niger Delta, Nigeria on one part and take an empirical examination of one of the variables highlighted in the literature - emission of CO2 on people’s health
The result shows that 96% of health outcome is explained by the independent variable: Gross domestic product per person employed (GDPPC), female education (FEMEDU), public health expenditure (GHE) and carbon emission (CO2EM)
Summary
With population of over 170 million people, Nigeria no doubt is Africa’s most populous black nation (Aminu, 1997). Enyoghasim, et al.: Oil Exploration and Exploitation in Nigeria and the Challenge of Sustainable Development: An Assessment of the Niger Delta factors of production that fuels economic growth: Land, natural resources, labor, and capital (which are created by labor and natural resources). The ecosystem of Niger Delta has suffered from decades of oil exploration due to neglect by federal government to legislate and enforce the management of negative economic externalities. If it is not flaring of gas (emission of CO2) its oil pollution, contamination of drinking water, deforestation etc. While it is easier to join in the debate for sustainable development it appears it will be a mirage to be realised in Nigeria considering the level of distortions
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