Oil, erucic acid, and glucosinolate contents in winter hardy rapeseed germplasms

Abstract

The US industry uses ≈18 million kg of high erucic acid oil annually, mostly from imports. Therefore, a large overall market potential exists for development of annually renewable domestic sources of erucic acid. The present research was conducted to characterize the winter hardy rapeseed germplasm for oil, erucic acid, and glucosinolate contents for use in breeding programs to develop commercial production of rapeseed. Significant variation existed among the 455 accessions of Brassica napus L. and the 44 accessions of Brassica rapa L. for oil, erucic acid, and glucosinolate contents. B. napus had significantly higher mean oil content in the seeds (37.4%) than the Brassica rapa (36.6%). The glucosinolate content was higher in napus than the rapa meal (49.2 vs. 43.8 μmol/g). The erucic acid content was higher in rapa (32.6%) than the napus accessions (26.1%). Within species, the correlation between oil and glucosinolate contents was significantly negative among the napus accessions (−0.14), but was significantly positive among rapa accessions (+0.39). The results indicate that plant material from either napus or rapa species could be used in breeding for increasing erucic acid content. Accessions with high, medium, and low contents of oil, erucic acid, and glucosinolate contents were identified.