Abstract

Recent investigations of extreme environments have revealed numerous bioactive natural products. However, biosurfactant-producing strains from deep sea extreme environment are largely unknown. Here, we show that Dietzia maris As-13-3 isolated from deep sea hydrothermal field could produce di-rhamnolipid as biosurfactant. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) of the purified di-rhamnolipid was determined to be 120 mgL−1, and it lowered the surface tension of water from 74 ± 0.2 to 38 ± 0.2 mN m−1. Further, the alkane metabolic pathway-related genes and di-rhamnolipid biosynthesis-related genes were also analyzed by the sequencing genome of D. maris As-13-3 and quantitative real-time PCR (Q-PCR), respectively. Q-PCR analysis showed that all these genes were induced by n-Tetradecane, n-Hexadecane, and pristane. To the best of our knowledge, this is first report about the complete pathway of the di-rhamnolipid synthesis process in the genus Dietzia. Thus, our study provided the insights into Dietzia in respects of oil degradation and biosurfactant production, and will help to evaluate the potential of Dietzia in marine oil removal.

Highlights

  • Biosurfactants (BS) are surface activity compounds possessing both hydrophilic and hydrophobic moieties (Satpute et al, 2010)

  • SEQUENCE ACCESSION NUMBERS The sequences of the di-rhamnolipid biosynthesis-related genes of D. maris As-13-3 have been deposited in the NCBI database with the following accession numbers: KP202067 through KP202092

  • In this report, D. maris As-13-3 was confirmed as biosurfactantproducing strain with alkanes

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Summary

Introduction

Biosurfactants (BS) are surface activity compounds possessing both hydrophilic and hydrophobic moieties (Satpute et al, 2010). Due to the diversity of microorganisms and their metabolites, microorganisms produced many kinds of biosurfactants with different structure and physico-chemical properties. Biosurfactants may have several advantages over their chemically synthesized counterparts: high reliability and excellence even at extreme temperatures, pH, and salinities, lower toxicity, low critical micelle concentration (CMC) value, and biodegradablity. Those advantages make biosurfactants the most ideal substitute for the chemically synthesized surfactants (Plante et al, 2008). RLs are glycosides that are composed of a glycon and a aglycon part linked to each other via O-glycosidic linkage. Several other bacteria were able to produce RLs as well, including Renibacterium salmoninarum (Christova et al, 2004), Cellulomonas cellulans (Arino et al, 1998), Nocardioides sp. (Vasileva-Tonkova and Gesheva, 2005), and Tetragenococcus koreensis (Lee et al, 2005)

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