Abstract
Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) is characterized by blockage of cell differentiation leading to the accumulation of immature cells, which is the most prevalent form of acute leukemia in adults. It is well known that all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and arsenic trioxide (ATO) are the preferred drugs for acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). However, they can lead to irreversible resistance which may be responsible for clinical failure after complete remission (CR). Moreover, the differentiation therapy of ATRA-based treatment has not been effective against AML with t(8;21) translocation. Here we aimed to identify the differentiation effect of OGP46 on AML cell lines (HL-60, NB4, and Kasumi-1) and explore its possible mechanisms. We found that OGP46 has significant inhibitory activity against these cells by triggering cell differentiation with cell-cycle exit at G1/G0 and inhibited the colony-formation capacity of the AML cells. It was shown that OGP46 induced the differentiation of NB4 cells via the transcriptional misregulation in cancer signaling pathway by PML-RARα depletion, while it was attributed to the hematopoietic cell lineage and phagosome pathway in Kasumi-1 cells, which are all critical pathways in cell differentiation. These results highlight that OGP46 is an active agent not only in the APL cell line NB4 but also in AML-M2 cell lines, especially Kasumi-1 with t(8;21) translocation. Therefore, OGP46 may be a potential compound for surmounting the differentiation blockage in AML.
Highlights
Leukemia is a disease of malignant hematopoietic stem cells with abnormality of cells, which are inhibited differentiation and unrestricted rapidly proliferation
The data indicate that OGP46 is apparently effective against the acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL)-derived NB4 cell line and the Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML)-M2 cell lines including Kasumi-1 and HL-60
Acute myelogenous leukemia is a complex malignant disease that is characterized by myeloid cell differentiation blockage (Olsson et al, 1996; Vradii et al, 2005), which was classified into M0–M7 subtypes
Summary
Leukemia is a disease of malignant hematopoietic stem cells with abnormality of cells, which are inhibited differentiation and unrestricted rapidly proliferation. Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) represents a typical example of a type of leukemia that is characterized by a blockage of differentiation. It is observed in 15–20% of the acute leukemia (AL) in children and approximately 80% of AL in adults (Pui, 1995; De Kouchkovsky and Abdul-Hay, 2016). 95% of APL have t(15;17) (de Thé et al, 1990; Kakizuka et al, 1991) chromosomal translocations generating promyelocytic leukemia/retinoic acid receptor α (PML/RARα) fusion genes (Kitareewan et al, 2002; Shah et al, 2008). APL is unique model treated with the differentiation inducer, all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), which can lead to degradation of PML-RARα onco-protein (Yoshida et al, 1996; Nervi et al, 1998). Discovering new differentiation inducers against PML/RARα is urgently needed
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