‘OFF-RECORD’ STRATEGIES FOUND IN PRAMOEDYA ANANTA TOER’S “BUKAN PASAR MALAM” AND THEIR TRANSLATIONS IN ITS TRANSLATED ENGLISH VERSION “IT’S NOT AN ALL NIGHT FAIR” BY C.W. WATSON

Abstract

This paper presents the ‘off-record’ strategies applied in conversations among characters found in Pramoedya Ananta Toer’s Bukan Pasar Malam and their translations in its translated English version by C.W. Watson, the reasons or backgrounds they are applied, and the techniques of translation occupied to translate them. Pararell to communicative strategies proposed by Brown and Levinson (1987) as citted by Yule (1996), the off-record strategy tends to be expressed implicitley as opposed to the ‘on-record’ strategy which is reativley more explicit. As found in the novel, the off-record strategies applied by characters are occasionally expressed in statements or declarative sentences which hold particular illocutionary forces. On the other hand, the techniques used in translating them seem to have constantly maintained the illocutionary forces though changes in form probably occur. Keyword: off-record, communicative strategy, technique, translation