Abstract
We developed a system that automatically authenticates offline handwritten signatures using the discrete Radon transform (DRT) and a hidden Markov model (HMM). Given the robustness of our algorithm and the fact that only global features are considered, satisfactory results are obtained. Using a database of 924 signatures from 22 writers, our system achieves an equal error rate (EER) of 18% when only high-quality forgeries (skilled forgeries) are considered and an EER of 4.5% in the case of only casual forgeries. These signatures were originally captured offline. Using another database of 4800 signatures from 51 writers, our system achieves an EER of 12.2% when only skilled forgeries are considered. These signatures were originally captured online and then digitally converted into static signature images. These results compare well with the results of other algorithms that consider only global features.
Highlights
The purpose of our research is to develop a system that automatically classifies handwritten signature images as authentic or fraudulent, with as little misclassifications as possible
We focus on offline signature verification
Our system achieves an equal error rate (EER) of 17.7% when applied to our first database and an EER of 12.2% when applied to our second database
Summary
The purpose of our research is to develop a system that automatically classifies handwritten signature images as authentic or fraudulent, with as little misclassifications as possible. Our work is inspired by, amongst others, the potential financial benefits that the automatic clearing of cheques will have for the banking industry. Despite an increasing number of electronic alternatives to paper cheques, fraud perpetrated at financial institutions in the United States has become a national epidemic. Cheque fraud and counterfeiting are among the fastest-growing crimes affecting the United States’ financial system, producing estimated annual losses exceeding $10 billion with the number continuing to rise at an alarming rate each year.”. Since commercial banks pay little attention to verifying signatures on cheques—mainly due to the number of cheques that are processed daily—a system capable of screening casual forgeries should already prove beneficial. Most forged cheques contain forgeries of this type
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