Abstract
As more renewable energy sources are connected to the electrical grid, it has become important that these sources participate in providing system support. It has become needful for grid-connected solar photovoltaics to participate in support functions like frequency support. However, photovoltaic systems need to implement a maximum power tracking algorithm to operate at maximum power and a method for de-loading photovoltaic systems is necessary for participation in frequency support. Some conventional maximum power tracking techniques are implemented in real time and will not adjust their output fast enough to provide system support while other may respond fast but are not very efficient in tracking the maximum power point of a photovoltaic system. This paper presents an offline method to estimate the maximum power voltage and current based on the characteristics of the photovoltaics module available in the datasheet and using the estimated values to operate the photovoltaics at maximum power. The performance of this technique is compared to the conventional technique. This paper also describes how the photovoltaic system can be de-loaded.
Highlights
Power in electrical systems is increasingly supplied from diverse generation sources
The could lead to a high rate of change of frequency when there is a difference in generation and demand [1]. This problem is exacerbated in island systems where there are very few generators and high renewable energy penetration because they have reduced inertia and variability in power generation which could lead to more frequency deviation events [2]
As a result of this, it has become important for different kinds of generation sources to participate in frequency support if more renewable generation is to be added to electrical grids
Summary
Power in electrical systems is increasingly supplied from diverse generation sources. Battery storage systems can be used to provide frequency support as shown in [6]. This is because they are fast-acting and can increase active power supply in the time-scale of inertia response. Common methods used for operating PV at maximum power include perturb and observe, incremental conductance and fractional open-circuit voltage [7]. These methods are not suitable for systems required to provide frequency support because they either require significant computation which makes them slower or are fast but lead to significant power losses.
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