Abstract
ABSTRACT A liberal, state-sanctioned, ‘official’ antiracism structures academic and activist efforts to establish Islamophobia as a form of racism, as well as the conflict surrounding such efforts. This essay draws on ethnographic research with Black American Muslims in the US who hold a range of positions on Islamophobia: whether or not it is a useful way to conceptualize anti-Muslim practices, and – most controversially – whether or not the conceptualization itself is racist. Their views suggest that debates on the concept of Islamophobia and the violence to which it refers are refracted through not only US race politics but specifically through official antiracism, which is designed to support symbolic antiracisms and marginalize material antiracisms.
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