Off-Site Construction Three-Echelon Supply Chain Management with Stochastic Constraints: A Modelling Approach

Samira Al-Sadat Salari,Hediye Mahmoudi,Maziar Yazdani,Soroush Jolai,Fariborz Jolai,Amir Aghsami

doi:10.3390/buildings12020119

Samira Al-Sadat Salari, Hediye Mahmoudi + Show 4 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings12020119

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Abstract

Off-site construction is becoming more popular as more companies recognise the benefits of shifting the construction process away from the construction site and into a controlled manufacturing environment. However, challenges associated with the component supply chain have not been fully addressed. As a result, this study proposes a model for three-echelon supply chain supply management in off-site construction with stochastic constraints. In this paper, multiple off-site factories produce various types of components and ship them to supplier warehouses to meet the needs of the construction sites. Each construction site is directly served by a supplier warehouse. The service level for each supplier warehouse is assumed to be different based on regional conditions. Because of the unpredictable nature of construction projects, demand at each construction site is stochastic, so each supplier warehouse should stock a certain number of components. The inventory control policy is reviewed regularly and is in (R, s, S) form. Two objectives are considered: minimising total cost while achieving the desired delivery time for construction sites due to their demands and balancing driver workloads during the routeing stage. A grasshopper optimisation algorithm (GOA) and an exact method are used to solve this NP-hard problem. The findings of this study contribute new theoretical and practical insights to a growing body of knowledge about supply chain management strategies in off-site construction and have implications for project planners and suppliers, policymakers, and managers, particularly in companies where an unplanned supply chain exacerbates project delays and overrun costs.

Highlights

Due to globalisation and industrialisation, environmental concerns are increasing, putting natural resources at risk [1]
The construction industry is the primary source of glasshouse gas (GHG) emissions and a major consumer of global energy [5,6]
This study considers a construction project supply chain by formulating a bi-objective transportation–location–inventory–routing problem in three echelons: off-site factories, supplier warehouses, and construction sites

Summary

Introduction

Due to globalisation and industrialisation, environmental concerns are increasing, putting natural resources at risk [1]. These issues have been heavily influenced by the construction industry [2]. The increased construction activities have many negative consequences, including the depletion of natural resources and waste generation, energy consumption, greenhouse gas emissions, and risks to public safety [3,4]. Some construction activities could see productivity increases of five to ten times their current level if moved to an off-site construction system [11]. Considerable attention should be devoted to implementing off-site construction approaches in the construction industry to increase its efficiency and productivity [12]

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