Off-centering of a Bi ion in cubic phase of (Bi1/2Na1/2)TiO3

Abstract

The paraelectric cubic structure of (Bi1/2Na1/2)TiO3 was analyzed precisely by high-energy synchrotron radiation X-ray powder diffraction measurement and the maximum entropy method (MEM)/Rietveld method. The 〈100〉-favored rotator-like thermal behavior of the Bi ion was observed. The 〈100〉 off-centering of Bi led to the Bi–O distance of ∼2.5 Å that was shorter than the average Bi–O distance in the structure of the Bi on-centered model. The off-centering of Bi can be attributed to the orbital hybridization between the Bi and O ions.