Oesophageal seal of the novel supralaryngeal airway device I-Gel™ in comparison with the laryngeal mask airways Classic™ and ProSeal™ using a cadaver model

Abstract

BackgroundSupraglottic airway devices are increasingly used in anaesthesia and emergency medicine. This study was designed to investigate the oesophageal seal of the novel supralaryngeal airway device, I-Gel™ (I-Gel), in comparison with two of the laryngeal mask airways, Classic™ (cLMA) and ProSeal™ (pLMA), in a model of elevated oesophageal pressure. MethodsThe three supralaryngeal airway devices were inserted into eight unfixed cadaver models with exposed oesophagi that had been connected to a water column producing both a slow and a fast oesophageal pressure increase. The pressure applied until the loss of oesophageal seal during a slow and fast pressure increase was measured. ResultsDuring the slow increase of pressure, the pLMA withstood an oesophageal pressure up to a median of 58 cm H2O, while the cLMA was able to block the oesophagus up to a median of 37 cm H2O, and I-Gel already lost its seal at 13 cm H2O. One minute after maximum pressure had been applied, the pLMA withstood an oesophageal pressure of 59 cm H2O, the cLMA of 46 cm H2O, and I-Gel airway of 21 cm H2O. A fast release of oesophageal fluid was accomplished through the oesophageal lumen of both the pLMA and I-Gel. ConclusionsBoth the pLMA and cLMA provided a better seal of the oesophagus than the novel I-Gel airway. The pLMA and I-Gel drain off gastrointestinal fluid fast through the oesophageal lumen. Thus, tracheal aspiration may be prevented with their use. Further study is necessary.