Oesophageal Cancer and its Clinico-Pathological Pattern: Study in a tertiary level Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Abstract

Background: Oesophageal cancer is one of the most serious gastrointestinal cancer worldwide, owing to its rapid development and fatal prognoses in most cases. There is a paucity of published data regarding esophageal cancer the study area in particular. Methods: This Descriptive-longitudinal study was done Department of Surgery Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh during August 2015 to February 2016. A total of 50 oesophageal cancer patients between 30-70 years of age attending Thoracic Surgery department of Dhaka Medical College Hospital during the last 6 months were included in this study. Exclusion criteria were Patient/attendant and unwilling to give informed consent to take part in the study and Patient with economic constraints to do the necessary investigations Collected data were classified, edited, coded and entered into the computer for statistical analysis by using SPSS version 22. Results: Among the 50 cases, mean age was 52.92(±10.60) years, minimum age was 30 years and maximum age was 80 years. Maximum 76% were male and 24% were female, male: female ratio was 3.17: 1. Common clinical staging (TNM) of the oesophageal cancer, T2 disease was 58% followed by T3, 26% and T1, 6%. Considering nodal status most of the cases were NO, 60% with N1, 24% and N2, 16%. Regarding metastasis, only 18% cases had evidence of metastasis. Conclusion: Predominant personal history was smoking, white tobacco chewing, betel nut, betel leaf and alcohol consumption. Most of the oesophageal cancers were middle and lower third. Majority of oesophageal cancers were squamous cell carcinoma of different grades. Regarding TNM staging most of the oesophageal cancers were T2 disease.