Abstract
<h3>Objectives</h3> To carry out a multicenter retrospective study on the clinical, demographic, microscopic, and immunohistochemical characteristics of the glandular odontogenic cyst (GOC), emphasizing histopathologic characteristics and expression of proteins related to invasiveness. <h3>Study Design</h3> Twenty-two cases of GOC from 3 oral and maxillofacial pathology services of federal universities in Brazil from 1988 to 2018were selected. Clinical and demographic data were collected. Histopathologic features were evaluated. Additionally, 16 cases of GOC were submitted to immunohistochemistry to detect MT1-MMP, TKs4, TKs5, and cortactin, key regulators of invadopodia formation. <h3>Results</h3> Cases of GOC mainly affect men over 40 years old, are mainly in the posterior mandible and anterior maxilla, and present as multilocular radiolucent lesions. Of 10 important histopathologic parameters to be evaluated in GOCs, "hobnail" cells, clear cells, and variable thickness of the lining epithelium were present in all cases. Immunohistochemistry revealed greater expression of the studied proteins related to invasiveness when compared to controls (<i>P</i> < .0001). <h3>Conclusions</h3> This study characterized clinical-demographic data, histopathologically investigated cases of COG, and identified overexpression of proteins that regulate cell invasiveness. These findings suggest invadopodia activity as a possible mechanism used by COG for promoting local invasion, which could partly explain its intriguing biological behavior.
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