Ocular Tissue Engineering and Regeneration: Nano Biomaterial Applications

Abstract

In new ocular drug delivery, nanoparticles are designed to overcome the barriers, while increasing the drug penetration at the target site and prolong the drug levels by few internals of drug administration in much lower doses without any prolonged toxicity that conventional eye drops offer. Nanoparticles offer high specificity and multi-functionality DNA, that can be resulted in higher transfection efficiency for gene therapy. Fibrin; a versatile scaffold for tissue engineering applications combines cell and molecular biology with materials and mechanical engineering to replace damaged or diseased organs and tissues. Fibrin plays an important component in homeostasis, which has been used extensively as a biopolymer scaffold in tissue engineering. Fibrin has been used in combinations with other materials and is used as a biological scaffold for stem or primary cell regeneration for adipose tissue, bone, and cardiac tissue, etc. Therefore, fibrin is a versatile biopolymer, which has shown great potential in tissue regeneration and wound healing. Nanotechnology is transforming biological engineering, on a much smaller scale as shown in research. In large, cases relating to corneal infections has been increasing and nanomedicine has shown a long lasting and profound treatment relating to corneal infections but not only subject to this infection. Ocular engineering has been on the rise with nanomedicine involvement.