Ocular surface squamous neoplasia at a tertiary eye facility, Southwestern Nigeria: a 10-year review

Abstract

Ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN) is a low-grade malignancy arising from the squamous epithelium of the ocular surface AIM: To describe the clinical presentation, histological diagnoses, treatment, and outcome of treatment in patients with OSSN managed at a tertiary health facility. Medical records of all patients with OSSN managed using a standardized treatment protocol over a 10-year period were reviewed. Eighty-six patients comprising 44 (51.2%) males and mean age of 48.2 ± 15.8years were studied. The most common presentation was a fleshy growth in the eye in all patients, and 43 (50.0%) patients tested positive to human immunodeficiency virus. The right eye was affected in 44 (51.2%) patients with no bilateral tumors, and the medial limbus was involved in 28 (32.6%) patients. Morphologically, 40 (46.5%) patients had gelatinous growth, 24 (27.9%) patients were in Tis category while 30 (34.9%) patients were in T4 category. Twenty-eight (32.6%) patients received complete course of adjuvant topical mitomycin C (0.04%) while nine (10.5%) patients completed adjuvant systemic chemotherapy and external beam radiation. Overall, 61 (70.9%) patients had no tumor recurrence, seven (8.1%) patients had recurrent tumor, while the status of 18 (20.9%) patients was not known. OSSN occurs more commonly in younger age group in our studied population and is strongly associated with HIV seropositivity. Intraoperative cryotherapy in patients with carcinoma in situ and intraoperative cryotherapy with adjuvant topical mitomycin C in those with invasive SCC that is limited to the ocular surface are associated with low tumor recurrence.