Ocular oncology: advances in retinoblastoma, uveal melanoma and conjunctival melanoma.

Abstract

Retinoblastoma, uveal and conjunctival melanomas are important malignancies within the remit of ocular oncology. Outlined are the diagnostic features and management principles, as well as advancements in the field and current challenges. Original papers, reviews and guidelines. Most eyes with retinoblastoma (International Intraocular Retinoblastoma Classification (IIRC) Group A-D) are salvaged, whereas advanced cases (Group E) remain a challenge. Despite a high rate of local tumour control in uveal melanoma, metastatic spread commonly occurs. Conjunctival melanoma is treated by complete resection, but high rates of local recurrence occur, with the possibility of systemic relapse and death. Use of the IIRC in retinoblastoma, and systemic screening in melanomas. Utilization of novel treatment modalities in retinoblastoma and an increasing understanding of the genetic basis of melanomas. Improvements in chemotherapy delivery in retinoblastoma and prognostic tests in melanomas.