Ocular manifestations in Kabuki syndrome: the first report from Saudi Arabia

Abstract

Kabuki syndrome (KS) is a multiple congenital anomaly syndrome in which ophthalmological examination for the early detection of ocular abnormalities is desired in order to prevent visual impairment. Retrospective, interventional, case report of a 5-year-old female patient of Arabic origin with features of Kabuki syndrome. Patient had neurological deficit, psychomotor retardation, a peculiar face, including large prominent cup shaped ears, broad depressed nasal tip, and high arched palate, and malformed teeth. Her ocular features suggestive of Kabuki syndrome included left upper eyelid congenital ptosis, lagophthalmos, arched eyebrows with temporal sparing of hair, long horizontal palpebral fissures, lateral lower eyelid eversion and resultant epiphora. Other abnormalities included medial lower epicanthal folds, abduction deficit bilaterally, large esotropia, significant hyperopia, right corneal opacity, iris and chorioretinal coloboma. Patient required hyperopic correction and ptosis surgery, which improved her visual functioning. We report the first case of a Kabuki syndrome patient from Saudi Arabia and stress on the importance of ophthalmological examination in all patients with KS for the early detection of ocular anomalies in order to prevent visual impairment.