Ocular findings in individuals with intellectual disability

Abstract

Background: The purpose of the study was to assess refractive errors and ocular abnormalities in intellectually disabled (ID) children and adults. Methods: In this study, a random sample of 180 participants with ages ranging from 9 to 50 were recruited and examined between January and April 2006. Refractive errors were measured by photorefractometer. The ophthalmologic examination consisted of a structural observation of the external eye, anterior and posterior segment evaluation, and examinations for strabismus. Results: A refractive error was the leading ocular diagnosis, found in 56 of 166 patients. Strabismus was the second most frequent ocular abnormality. Eyelid abnormalities were detected in 30 patients. Cataract was the fourth most frequent ocular pathology and also most frequent intraocular one. Overall, 28 patients (16.9%) had anterior segment findings, of whom 18 had congenital lens opacity. Posterior segment findings were detected in 23 of 166 patients. Interpretation: Ocular problems are common in ID individuals and are frequently correctable. We suggest that professionals provide early ophthalmologic examination and regular follow-up of young ID individuals.This would ensure that the required treatment of possible ocular disorders is received and would improve quality of life and social accommodation in this population.