Ocular Complications in High Myopia

Abstract

High myopia is an ocular disease characterized by abnormal visual functions, caused by excessive axial elongation. Retinal detachment, myopic maculopathy, glaucoma, and cataract are four major complications can cause blindness. Peripheral retinal degeneration (lattice degeneration) and vitreal traction are factors involving in the production of retinal detachment. Higher retinal detachment rate was found of the axial length between 26.0 and 27.0 mm. Early myopic maculopathy was defined as fundus change with lacquer cracks, which are seen as yellow white lines of irregular caliber whose course across the posterior pole. Refractive error more than -15.OD,, axial length over 29.0mm, and age more than 45 years old are risk factors for the development of early myopic maculopathy. Variable degrees of optic disc changes are found during myopic progression such as tilting, which made the diagnosis of glaucoma become more difficulty. Periodic visual field and three dimensional disc examination are important for high myopic patients. Nuclear type of cataract is frequent found in middle age. of high myopic patient, which may make the fast progression of, myopia.