Abstract

Vaccination efforts as a mitigation strategy in the corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic are fully underway. A vital component of understanding the optimal clinical use of these vaccines is a thorough investigation of adverse events following vaccination. To date, some limited reports and reviews have discussed ocular adverse events following COVID-19 vaccination, but a systematic review detailing these reports with manifestations and clinical courses as well as proposed mechanisms has yet to be published. This comprehensive review one-year into vaccination efforts against COVID-19 is meant to furnish sound understanding for ophthalmologists and primary care physicians based on the existing body of clinical data. We discuss manifestations categorized into one of the following: eyelid, orbit, uveitis, retina, vascular, neuro-ophthalmology, ocular motility disorders, and other.

Highlights

  • Since the time that the first vaccines against the severe acute respiratory failure coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and ensuing corona virus disease2019 (COVID-19) were approved for emergency authorization use by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in late 2020, an enormous amount of speculation has surrounded the discourse around vaccination and COVID-19 [1–4]

  • Regardless of the mechanism, we propose that ophthalmologists consider examining patients with corneal grafts prior to vaccination against COVID-19 in order to evaluate underlying inflammatory processes which may be further exacerbated by the introduction of a profound immunogenic stimulus such as a COVID-19 vaccine

  • Since the introduction of COVID-19 vaccinations, numerous reports have commented on adverse ocular events following vaccination

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Summary

Introduction

Since the time that the first vaccines against the severe acute respiratory failure coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and ensuing corona virus disease2019 (COVID-19) were approved for emergency authorization use by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in late 2020, an enormous amount of speculation has surrounded the discourse around vaccination and COVID-19 [1–4]. It remains the consensus opinion in clinical practice—and the opinion of the authors—that vaccination and subsequent booster administration against COVID-19 is a vital epidemiologic factor in mitigating the devastating effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. We seek to provide a rigorous description of these findings based on a comprehensive review and statistical analysis of the literature

Materials and Methods
Adverse Ocular Events
64 F 50 F
Eyelid
Superior Ophthalmic Vein Thrombosis
Tolosa-Hunt Syndrome
Uveitis Flares
Choroiditis
Vogt–Koyanagi–Harada Disease
Acute Zonal Occult Outer Retinopathy
Mechanisms
Cornea
Graft Rejection
Retina
Acute Macular Neuroretinopathy
Paracentral Acute Middle Maculopathy
Other Reports
Vascular
Central and Hemi-Retinal Vein Occlusion
10. Neuro-Ophthalmology
10.1. Optic Neuritis
10.2. Other Reports
11.2. Ocular Gaze Palsies
12. Other Reports
Findings
13. Conclusions
Full Text
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