Çocuklarda İlaç Alerjisine Güncel Yaklaşım

Abstract

Undesired affects of a drug being used with the intention of prophylaxis, diagnosis and treatment are defined as drug hipersensitivity reactions (DHRs), drug counter-effect or drug reactions. An 80 % of the drug reactions constitute so-called type A reactions which are related to the pharmacological effects of the drug which are clinically anticipated, dose-dependent, and easily reversible findings when the drug is discontinued. However type B reactions which are not dose-dependent, unpredictable seen at a rate of 20 % with clinically unexpected outcomes. An attentive anamnesis comprises the most important part of the diagnosis. Firstly the association of the reaction with the drug allergy should be determined. Decision should be made about the type of the reaction (immunological or non-immune reaction). diagnostic tests should be planned based on medical history. Acute treatment of drug allergies consists of discontinuation of the culprit drug, and application of supportive medical treatment according to the severity of the active lesion. Making long-term treatment plans conveys utmost importance. The patients with drug allergies should be educated on rational drug use. In this article, the approach to drug allergies in children will be evaluated in accordance with current guidelines.