Abstract
Bone grafts used in alveolar bone regeneration can be categorized into autografts, allografts, xenografts, and synthetic bones, depending on their origin. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of a commercialized octacalcium phosphate (OCP)-based synthetic bone substitute material (Bontree®) in vitro, in vivo, and in clinical cases. Material characterization of Bontree® granules (0.5 mm and 1.0 mm) using scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction showed that both 0.5 mm and 1.0 mm Bontree® granules were uniformly composed mainly of OCP. The receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities of MG63 cells were assessed and used to compare Bontree® with a commercial biphasic calcium phosphate ceramic (MBCP+TM). Compared with MBCP+TM, Bontree® suppressed RANKL and increased ALP activity. A rabbit tibia model used to examine the effects of granule size of Bontree® grafts showed that 1.0 mm Bontree® granules had a higher new bone formation ability than 0.5 mm Bontree® granules. Three clinical cases using Bontree® for ridge or sinus augmentation are described. All eight implants in the three patients showed a 100% success rate after 1 year of functional loading. This basic research and clinical application demonstrated the safety and efficacy of Bontree® for bone regeneration.
Highlights
When teeth are lost, irreversible and gradual resorption of the alveolar bone occurs [1]
Bone graft materials used for bone regeneration are divided into autogenous bone grafts, allografts, xenografts, and synthetic bone grafts, depending on their origin
Xenografts have only osteoconductive ability and high absorption resistance; new bone formation is slower than that associated with autografts [7]
Summary
Irreversible and gradual resorption of the alveolar bone occurs [1]. Autografts enable rapid healing without immunity-related problems and infection, and they contain growth factors that can facilitate new bone formation. New bone formation depends on the condition of the donor, which is a disadvantage [6]. Deproteinized bovine bone mineral (DBBM) is the most commonly used xenograft material in clinical practice. It has a calcium/phosphorus ratio similar to that of human bone, and its excellent osteoconductivity has been proven. Xenografts have only osteoconductive ability and high absorption resistance; new bone formation is slower than that associated with autografts [7]. Tricalcium phosphate (TCP), and hydroxyapatite (HA) are used as synthetic bone materials. Several studies have been conducted on HA and β-TCP, which are calcium phosphate-based biomaterials [8]
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