Abstract
The oral cavity is among the main sites of neoplasia, both benign and malignant. Those with characteristics of malignancy have an unfavorable prognosis due to their biological behavior and diagnostic and therapeutic difficulties. Epidemiological data are important to profile the affected population and establish an early treatment strategy, optimizing treatment and increasing the chances of cure and quality of life. The objective of this study was to present the clinical epidemiological aspects of dogs treated with neoplasms in the oral cavity at the Oncology Service of the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro between the years 2011 and 2017 through a retrospective study of all the medical records of the respective service. The epidemiological data extracted from the archives showed that out of 2832 cases of neoplasms treated in the oncology sector over a 7-year interval (2011 to 2017), 176 animals (6.21%) were affected by oral cavity neoplasms. The dogs without a defined breed were the most affected, the main site affected was the maxilla and melanoma was the most prevalent neoplasm.
Highlights
The oral cavity is a common place for a great variety of benign and malignant proliferations, and it is the fourth most common anatomical region for the emergence of neoformations, which represent 6% of all the tumors in dogs (LIPTAK, WITHROW, 2012)
Oral cavity tumors can present a huge variety of histological types that are related to their origin tissues (LIPTAK, WITHROW, 2007; WHITE, 2003)
This increase of the casuistry is due to the expansion of the residency program in Veterinary Medicine in the Veterinary Hospital, which allowed a larger number of animals to be assisted per day and this increase in the total of cases associated to a stabilization of the cases of oral neoplasia led to a progressive decrease of the relative proportion, diminishing from 9.52% to 4.79% of the cases per year of assistance
Summary
The oral cavity is a common place for a great variety of benign and malignant proliferations, and it is the fourth most common anatomical region for the emergence of neoformations, which represent 6% of all the tumors in dogs (LIPTAK, WITHROW, 2012). Oral cavity tumors can present a huge variety of histological types that are related to their origin tissues (LIPTAK, WITHROW, 2007; WHITE, 2003). Nonodontogenic tumors arise from the structures of the oral cavity, except dental tissues (GOMES et al, 2009), while odontogenic tumors are those that originate from dental structures (RODRÍGUESQUIRÓS et al, 1998). The etiology of these tumors, except the viral papillomatosis, remains unknown, the contribution of some predisposing factors to their appearance is known, as the cited chronic inflammations (CAMARGO, CONCEIÇÃO, COSTA, 2008; RODRÍGUESQUIRÓS et al, 1998). The most frequently affected sites in the oral cavity are: gum, tongue, labial mucosa, oral mucosa, tonsils, dental alveoli, and soft and hard palate (CAMARGO; CONCEIÇÃO, COSTA, 2008; GOMES et al, 2009; RODRÍGUES-QUIRÓS et al, 1998; WHITE, 2003)
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