Abstract
ABSTRACT For an important and expensive crop such as corn, the resistance of Spodoptera frugiperda J.E. Smith to various pesticides has led to research throughout the world for a potential insecticide from a natural source. For the management of pest resistance, natural compounds associated with synthetic insecticides can be a promising tool because they can reduce the application of the synthetics molecules while maintaining their effectiveness and promoting the control of the pests. Linalool is a potential insecticide that is easily obtained because it is found in high concentrations in the essential oil of Ocimum basilicum L. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the toxicity of this essential oil and its combination with deltamethrin to control S. frugiperda. Through dose response assays, the acute toxicities (LD50) of the essential oil and deltamethrin were estimated. Additionally, the combination of these materials was also assessed, attaining a reduction of 80% of the LD50 of deltamethrin while obtaining the same result as when the pyrethroid was administered alone. From these results, it is expected that the combination of natural compounds and synthetic insecticides will be a promising practice, helping to manage resistance while reducing the environmental impact of toxic compounds.
Highlights
Among the different species of pests, Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith, 1797) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is the main pest occurring on corn plantations in Brazil, causing losses of up to 100% in production if not managed correctly (Michelotto et al, 2011)
The chemical composition of the essential oil was similar to results described by Blank et al (2007), who reported a content of up to 80% linalool
Duman et al (2010) found that O. basilicum essential oil originating from Turkey contained only 54.4% linalool
Summary
Among the different species of pests, Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith, 1797) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is the main pest occurring on corn plantations in Brazil, causing losses of up to 100% in production if not managed correctly (Michelotto et al, 2011). The effective chemical control of this pest has faced a number of difficulties, among them, the rapid development of resistance to different groups of insecticides, the constant need for rotation of insecticide mechanisms of action, as well as the application of specific insecticides for the different stages of the pest (Castle et al, 2010). This situation has become more aggravated as the resistance of S. frugiperda to pyrethroids, organophosphates, carbamates, neonicotinoids and growth regulators has been reported (Yu, 2008). The present work aimed to evaluate O. basilicum essential oil toxicity alone and in combination with deltamethrin to improve the management of S. frugiperda
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