Abstract
We describe a technique to measure ocean wave period, height and direction. The technique is based on the characteristics of transmission and backscattering of short-range K-band narrow beam continuous wave radar at the sea surface. The short-range K-band radar transmits and receives continuous signals close to the sea surface at a low-grazing angle. By sensing the motions of a dominant facet at the sea surface that strongly scatters signals back and is located directly in front of the radar, the wave orbital velocity can be measured from the Doppler shift of the received radar signal. The period, height and direction of ocean wave are determined from the relationships among wave orbital velocity, ocean wave characteristics and the Doppler shift. Numerical simulations were performed to validate that the dominant facet exists and ocean waves are measured by sensing its motion. Validation experiments were conducted in a wave tank to verify the feasibility of the proposed ocean wave measurement method. The results of simulations and experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of the short-range K-band narrow beam continuous wave radar for the measurement of ocean waves.
Highlights
There are two general approaches for the measurement of ocean waves: in situ and remote sensing measurements
By comparing the two spectrograms, the strong signals which denote the Doppler shift frequencies caused by the dominant facets at the surface are fluctuating in almost the same period but different amplitudes
The short-range K-band narrow beam continuous wave radar (NBCWR) is employed as the wave sensor to measure orbital motions of ocean waves at low-grazing angle
Summary
There are two general approaches for the measurement of ocean waves: in situ and remote sensing measurements. HF radar [3,4,5,6] is employed to measure the sea wave spectrum, wave height, wind field, and surface current velocity. Synthetic-aperture radar employs L-band and C-band to measure directional and power spectra of wave fields with interferometric configuration [13] and measure near-surface ocean currents with the phase difference between Synthetic-aperture radar image scenes [14]. We propose a new approach to measure ocean waves with a short-range K-band narrow beam continuous wave radar (NBCWR) deployed on a surface platform. A short-range K-band NBCWR is not able to scan the sea surface to generate large-area radar images covering long ocean waves. A more detailed description and the follow-up developed research works are presented in this paper
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