Ocean Governance and Integrated Ocean Management

Abstract

AbstractIncreased interests in oceans for food, energy, transportation, recreation, and other economic activities over the time have put pressure on ocean ecosystems. These economic activities are also amplifying the threat of climate change, loss of ocean biodiversity, and pollution. Oceans play an important role in many countries’ GDP and employment generation. The need for better ocean governance for ocean usage has widely been recognized in recent years for their sustainability and is also included in the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. For this purpose, an integrated ocean management approach is the key for sustainable and resilient ocean ecosystems.KeywordsExclusive economic zones (EEZ)Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)Inclusive economic growthMarine economyGross domestic product (GDP)Integrated ocean management (IOM)Ecosystem-based management (EBM)Integrated coastal zone management (ICZM)World Ocean AssessmentOcean governanceResilient ocean ecosystems