Abstract
The emergence and spread of quinolone-resistant Escherichia coli in poultry products puts consumers at risk of exposure to the strains of E. coli that resist antibiotic treatment. The objective of this study was to define the prevalence and virulence potential of poultry-associated nalidixic acid (NAL)-resistant E. coli in the Annaba city, Algeria. In total, 33 samples of retail chicken meat were purchased from various butcher shops and examined for bacterial contamination with NAL-resistant E. coli. These isolates were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing and were also investigated for the presence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes and virulence genes using conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and DNA sequencing. Phylogenetic grouping of the NAL-resistant E. coli isolates was determined by the conventional multiplex PCR method. Twenty-nine (87.8%) products yielded NAL-resistant E. coli. Antibiograms revealed that 96.55% of NAL-resistant E. coli isolates were multidrug resistant (MDR). Resistance was most frequently observed against sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (96.6%), tetracycline (96.6%), ciprofloxacin (72%), and amoxicillin (65.5%). Group A was the most prevalent phylogenetic group, followed by groups D, B1, and B2. The PMQR determinants were detected in three isolates with qnrB72 and qnrS1 type identified. Four (13.8%) isolates carried one of the Shiga toxin E. coli-associated genes stx1, stx2, and ehxA alleles. The high prevalence of NAL-resistant E. coli isolated from retail chicken meat with detection of MDR E. coli harboring Shiga toxin genes in this study gives a warning signal for possible occurrence of foodborne infections with failure in antibiotic treatment.
Highlights
The emergence and spread of quinolone-resistant Escherichia coli in poultry products puts consumers at risk of exposure to the strains of E. coli that resist antibiotic treatment
The aim of the present study was to describe the prevalence of quinolone-resistant E. coli isolated from raw retail chicken meat on sale in Annaba, Algeria, and to determine the phylogenetic background, antimicrobial resistance profile, virulence factors, and the plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) determinants in these isolates
Of the total 29 nalidixic acid (NAL)-resistant E. coli isolates subjected for antimicrobial susceptibility test, 28 (96.6%), 28 (96.6%), 20 (65.5%), 18 (72%), 7 (6.9%), 3 (10.3%), and 1 (3.4%) exhibited resistance to sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, tetracycline, amoxicillin, ciprofloxacin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, cefoxitin, and tobramycin, respectively (Table 2)
Summary
The emergence and spread of quinolone-resistant Escherichia coli in poultry products puts consumers at risk of exposure to the strains of E. coli that resist antibiotic treatment. Methodology: In total, 33 samples of retail chicken meat were purchased from various butcher shops and examined for bacterial contamination with NAL-resistant E. coli These isolates were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing and were investigated for the presence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes and virulence genes using conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and DNA sequencing. Conclusions: The high prevalence of NAL-resistant E. coli isolated from retail chicken meat with detection of MDR E. coli harboring Shiga toxin genes in this study gives a warning signal for possible occurrence of foodborne infections with failure in antibiotic treatment. Escherichia coli is one of the most frequently encountered bacterial species of animal and human commensal intestinal flora It can cause healthcare- and community-acquired infections, systemic infections [14], and can lead to serious complications and death [5], based upon its virulence gene content and antibacterial drug resistance. Quinolone-resistant E. coli are relatively common and often exhibit multidrug resistance [11,12]
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