Occurrence of organotin compounds in house dust in Berlin (Germany)

Abstract

In a study in the year 2000 on the occurrence of hazardous environmental contaminants house dust samples from 28 Berlin apartments were measured for the presence and concentrations of six organotin compounds, monobutyltin (MBT), dibutyltin (DBT), tributyltin (TBT), monooctyltin (MOT), dioctyltin (DOT) and triphenyltin (TPT). The concentrations of MBT and DBT determined ranged considerably from 0.01 mg kg −1 to 1.5 mg kg −1 (median: 0.05 mg kg −1) and 0.01 to 5.6 mg kg −1 (median: 0.03 mg kg −1), respectively. Maximum levels of TBT and MOT were only 0.08 mg kg −1 and 0.04 mg kg −1. The maximum total value of the organotins was 7.2 mg kg −1 (median: 0.11 mg kg −1). MBT was found in 86% and DBT in 82% of the samples above the limit of quantification, TBT and MOT only in 50% and DOT in 43%. The focus of ecotoxicology is on the risks arising from organotin compounds (especially butyltins) when used as biocides in antifouling paints. TBT acts as an endocrine disrupter in animals, inducing masculinization (imposex) in female gastropods of different species by increasing testosterone levels. The most critical organ site in experimental animals is the cellular immune system, where lymphocyte depletion in the thymus and peripheral lymphoid tissues takes place. Our study does not provide data on the basis of which population exposure could be estimated; house dust containing harmful organotins could, however, under some conditions, become a relevant intake possibility for young children.