Abstract
This study assessed the levels of seventeen pesticides and metabolites residues in chicken feeds and raw eggs as well as the effects of processing methods on the levels in eggs in samples obtained from six poultry farms in Ilala and Kibaha districts, Tanzania. Extraction was performed by solid dispersion method and the extracts were cleaned-up by adsorption column chromatography. The analytes were determined by Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC–MS). The highest mean concentrations of the contaminants in feeds and eggs were as follows, respectively: aldrin 0.62 and 2 mg/kg, dieldrin 0.71 and 1.3 mg/kg, total DDT 6.68 and 8.14 mg/kg, total endosulfan 3.53 and 3.74 mg/kg, total HCHs 0.91 and 1.21 mg/kg, chlorpyrifos 12.2 and 0.59 mg/kg, fenitrothion 4.9 and 0.64 mg/kg and pirimiphos methyl 22.11 and 1.6 mg/kg. Chicken feeds were found to be the most contaminated followed by raw eggs and finally cooked eggs. Most of the concentrations were above the maximum residue limits (MRLs) indicating risks and concerns. Proper selection and preparation of poultry feeds could reduce the levels in the feeds and eggs. Keywords : Pesticides, Chicken, Feed, Eggs, Tanzania
Highlights
Poultry feeds may contain chemical contaminants such as pesticides (Zhao et al, 2013) and can be sources of contamination of poultry products including eggs (Windal et al, 2009)
A study by Mahugija et al (2017) found high levels of pesticide residues in maize grains, which are among the sources of poultry feeds in Tanzania
Pesticide residues in poultry feeds: The organochlorine pesticide residues detected in the poultry feeds included aldrin, dieldrin, hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) isomers (α, β, γ- and δ-HCH), endosulfan isomers (α- and β-endosulfan) and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) residues (p,p'- and o,p'-DDT, DDD and DDE)
Summary
Poultry feeds may contain chemical contaminants such as pesticides (Zhao et al, 2013) and can be sources of contamination of poultry products including eggs (Windal et al, 2009). Chicken eggs are important sources of nutrients to the human body. They are good sources of proteins, unsaturated fatty acids, vitamins and minerals (Bradley and King, 2004) and are consumed by many people worldwide. A study by Mahugija et al (2017) found high levels of pesticide residues in maize grains, which are among the sources of poultry feeds in Tanzania. This suggested that the poultry feeds and poultry products could contain high levels of pesticide residues. This study was conducted to investigate the levels and status of residues of selected organochlorine and organophosphorus pesticides in poultry feeds and raw eggs. The study assessed the effects of cooking on the pesticide residues in eggs
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