Occurrence of Helicobacter Pylori in Specimens of Chronic Gastritis and Gastric Adenocarcinoma Patients: A Retrospective Study at University Teaching Hospital, Kigali, Rwanda.

Theoneste Nizeyimana,Alvaro C Laga,Belson Rugwizangoga,Felix Manirakiza

doi:10.24248/eahrj.v5i2.667

Abstract

Introduction:Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is the major cause of gastroduodenal diseases in populations of different ages. We conducted aretrospective studyusing archived tissue samples to determine the prevalence of H. pylori infection among patients diagnosed with gastritis and gastric adenocarcinoma by histopathology cases in one hospital in Rwanda.Materials and methods:Cases of chronic gastritis and gastric adenocarcinoma histologically diagnosed in a tertiary hospital in Rwanda over the period of 2016-2018 were studied for the presence of H. pylori using immunohistochemistry. Diagnosis of positive cases considered immunoreactivity as well as bacterial morphology, including spiral, rod-shaped, angulated and coccoid forms.Results:Three hundred and seven cases were included in this study; chronic gastritis and gastric adenocarcinoma representing 39% and 61%, respectively. The overall frequency of H. pylori infection was 77.5% (80% among chronic gastritis cases versus 76% among gastric adenocarcinoma cases). Prevalence of H. pylori infection in chronic gastritis and adenocarcinoma did not significantly associate with age and sex.Conclusion:The prevalence of H. pylori was high among chronic gastritis and gastric adenocarcinoma cases in Rwanda. Pathologists should investigate the presence of H. pylori in gastric biopsies. Our data shows immunohistochemistry method is feasible and adequate to facilitate detection of H. pylori, which may guide timely treatment.

Highlights

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is the major cause of gastroduodenal diseases in populations of different ages.We conducted aretrospective studyusing archived tissue samples to determine the prevalence of H. pylori infection among patients diagnosed with gastritis and gastric adenocarcinoma by histopathology cases in one hospital in Rwanda
Biological behavior of chronic gastritis and gastric adenocarcinoma The prevalence of H. pylori infection was 80.2% and 75.8% in chronic gastritis and gastric adenocarcinoma, respectively (Table 2), but there was no significant difference in the number of cases with H. pylori infection when comparing chronic gastritis and gastric adenocarcinoma groups of patients (P=0.371)
The type of gastric adenocarcinoma showed no correlation with H. pylori infection (P=0.732)

Summary

Introduction

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is the major cause of gastroduodenal diseases in populations of different ages.We conducted aretrospective studyusing archived tissue samples to determine the prevalence of H. pylori infection among patients diagnosed with gastritis and gastric adenocarcinoma by histopathology cases in one hospital in Rwanda. Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a gramnegative bacterium that causes a spectrum of gastroduodenal diseases in humans including chronic gastritis and gastric cancer.[1,2,3] Approximately 95% of gastric cancers are adenocarcinomas, which are further histologically categorized into diffuse and intestinal subtypes.[4] The prevalence of H. pylori is approximately 50% of the adult people worldwide.[5,6,7] The prevalence is much higher in populations of low socioeconomic status and hygiene level, compared to the developed countries.8-11Accordingly, the prevalence of H. pylori infection is nearly 30% in the United States of America (USA) adult population, compared to up to 92% in some African regions.7, 1214. The prevalence of H. pylori infection increases with age, being close to 80% among individuals above 70, whereas it is around 50% in children.[20, 22, 23]

Methods

Results

Conclusion