Abstract
Grapevine (Vitis spp.) is globally one of the most economically important fruit crops. China is the largest grapevine-growing country of the world and Shaanxi province is one of the major grapevine-growing provinces in the country. A survey of GLRaV-3 found it widespread, with 57–100% infection frequencies, in both wine and table grapevine cultivars of three grapevine-growing regions of Shaanxi province. The virus infection frequencies varied with cultivars and regions. In order to obtain the full genomic length of a new GLRaV-3 isolate, GLRaV-3-Sau (accession number MK988555), was sequenced. This isolate has a genome of 18026 nucleotides, and 14 open reading frames (ORFs). The full-genome of the isolate GLRaV-3-Sau shared 85.88% nucleotide identity to GLRaV-3-LN, another isolate found in China. Coat protein (CP) genes of GLRaV-3 isolates were identical (99%) to the Vitis vinifera isolate (accession number HQ185608.1) from the USA. Immunohistochemistry for virus localization found that distribution patterns were similar in red-berried cultivar ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’ and white-berried cultivar ‘Chardonnay’, and GLRaV-3 is restricted in phloem tissue of vascular bundles. Virus transmission by micrografting found virus transmission efficiency was higher in ‘Chardonnay’ and ‘Thompson Seedless’ than in ‘Hunan-1’, indicating that ‘Hunan-1’ was less sensitive to GLRaV-3. As far as we know, these are the most comprehensive comparisons on the genome and CP genes of GLRaV-3 worldwide and the first to have found that the grapevine ‘Hunan-1’ is less susceptible to GLRaV-3.
Highlights
Grapevine (Vitis spp.) is globally one of the most economically important fruits.Grapevine leafroll disease (GLD) is one of the most serious virus diseases infecting grapevine and widely occurs in many grapevine-growing countries [1–3]
The 30 samples of each grapevine cultivars surveyed, including 3 wine and 4 table grapevines grown in the three major grapevine-growing regions in Shaanxi province of
The results showed that ‘Hunan-1’ is less susceptible to Grapevine leafroll-associate virus-3 (GLRaV-3) (Figure 6)
Summary
Grapevine (Vitis spp.) is globally one of the most economically important fruits. Grapevine leafroll disease (GLD) is one of the most serious virus diseases infecting grapevine and widely occurs in many grapevine-growing countries [1–3]. GLD severely affects plant growth, reduces photosynthesis [4–6], and alters berry composition [7–9], eventually resulting in reduced yield and quality of berries [2,10]. Grapevine leafroll-associate virus-3 (GLRaV-3), a type member of the genus Ampelovirus in the family Cloteroviridae, is the major causal agent of GLD [2,3]. GLRaV-3 is a phloem-limited virus [11], transmitted by grafting [12] and vectors such as mealy bugs, soft scale and scale insects [2,13,14]. Full length genomes are available for at least
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